Often referred to as enterprise or in-depth reporting, investigative journalism is an important element of a healthy democratic society. It shines a light on corruption, abuse of power, and other issues that might otherwise remain hidden from public view. Investigative journalism plays a critical watchdog role and can lead to significant social and political changes. The Watergate scandal in the US, for example, led to the resignation of President Nixon.
Investigative journalism requires thorough research, document analysis, and the use of multiple sources. It can also involve in-depth interviews and the collection of data, such as satellite imagery or historical media. It can be published in a variety of media outlets, from print newspapers to interactive digital elements on the internet, and even on social media.
Journalists investigating in-depth stories may face a number of challenges, including resistance from powerful individuals or organisations and the threat of legal action and retaliation. They can also struggle to find the necessary resources to conduct an investigation. They also face the ethical challenge of balancing the public’s right to know with privacy concerns, personal risk to reporters, and the impact on victims and witnesses.
Although the exact definition of investigative journalism varies, most professional journalists agree that it involves in-depth and original research and reporting that seeks to uncover hidden information. It is different from what has been dubbed “leak journalism”-quick-hit scoops that are gained through leaking documents or tips from those in power, which should not be mistaken for investigative reporting.